Drug testing in the US army

Drug testing is a frequent object of professional discussion in literature. Much has been written and said about drug testing and its implications for privacy. Thousands of employees are confident that mandatory drug testing is a direct violation of their rights. Others believe that drug testing is needed to promote safety and productivity in the workplace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug testing in the US army specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Army Drug Testing Program obligates soldiers and leaders to be screened for drug abuse at least once a year. Despite numerous ethical controversies, drug testing is essential for the lives and wellbeing of U.S. soldiers and those working in the United States Army. It is imperative that those working for the U.S. Army pass a drug test at least once a year, to guarantee their compliance with the norms and standards of military performance. Drug testing is a frequent object of professional discussion in literature. Despite the growing popularity of drug tests in the workplace, many employees believe that drug testing violates their rights. Certainly, the current state of drug testing systems is not without controversy: â€Å"testing laboratories’ shortcomings can mistakenly brand innocent workers drug abusers, ending their careers† (Zuckerman, 2000, p.A24). This is part of the reason why many employees try to beat the system, diluting their urine samples or purchasing drug-free urine and prosthetics online (Anonymous, 2001). The United States Army runs a drug testing program, aimed to promote a drug-free workplace environment and secure military operations from drug-related failures. Under the Army Drug Testing Program, each soldier is obliged to pass a drug test at least once a year (ASAP, 2010). The main goals of the program are (a) to keep soldiers from using and abusing drugs; (b) to let commanders assess the military and secur ity fitness of their soldiers; and (c) to create a foundation for taking timely appropriate actions in terms of those, who show positive test results (ASAP, 2010). Deontological and utilitarian ethics justify mandatory drug testing in the workplace, including the U.S. Army. From the viewpoint of deontology, drug abuse is a direct violation of the security and workplace standards in the army. As a result, drug testing is not a matter of privacy violation but an effective instrument of detecting those, who use and abuse drugs.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Drug testing reflects military professionals’ striving to follow the principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, and good will. From the utilitarian perspective, drug testing improves safety and security in the workplace. This is particularly the case of military professionals, who need a sober mind and clear reason to successfully meet their military objectives. Certainly, drug tests’ shortcomings may lead to unpredictable results and hold soldiers responsible for what they never committed. The imperfections of drug testing are a matter of serious ethical concern. Routine drug tests can be extremely intrusive, if other individuals observe the process, to guarantee that there is no urine sample tampering (ACLU, 1997). Drug testing may reveal the presence of other substances and medical conditions in subjects, which is a direct violation of their privacy (ACLU, 1997). Despite these controversies, drug testing in the army is ethically and legally justified. The U.S. Army was created to protect the country from external threats, but it can become a threat to itself and others if soldiers use and abuse drugs. Military professionals are very similar to pilots, drivers, and emergency rescue specialists. They carry a great deal of social responsibility for their acts. Most drug testing shortcoming s can be easily overcome: advances in technology provide ample opportunities to improve the drug testing process and the quality of drug testing results. Medical professionals must develop drug testing strategies to promote a drug-free atmosphere in the U.S. Army and beyond. References ACLU. (1997). Privacy in America: Workplace drug testing. American Civil Liberties  Union. Web. Anonymous. (2001). Drug testing: The things people will do. The American  Salesman, 46(3), 20-23. ASAP. (2010). Drug testing: About the program. Army Substance Abuse Program. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Drug testing in the US army specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Zuckerman, L. (2000). Workers get greater drug test protection. New York Times,  A24. This essay on Drug testing in the US army was written and submitted by user Pink Raven to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Chapter I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli begins The Prince with a crucial distinction of political categories. There are, he writes, only two ways in which a state can be organized: as a republic, or as a monarchy. After making this distinction, Machiavelli immediately, without a pause or comment, simply drops the discussion of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t mean that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics republics, after all, are the subject of his other major work of political theory, The Discourses. Rather than accuse Machiavelli of anti-democratic bias, we should note that in this particular book, which meant to describe the proper conduct of a prince, any discussion of princeless republics would be entirely irrelevant. After bracketing the idea of a republic, then, Machiavelli moves on to divide the category of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-categories. Monarchies, he writes, can be either hereditary and governed by the same family for generations, or recently founded. Again, Machiavelli follows one division with another. Leaving aside hereditary monarchies for the moment, he distinguishes two different kinds of recently founded monarchies – those which are entirely new, and those which are new annexations of territory added onto pre-existing hereditary monarchies. As we might expect, within this latter category (the annexed state), there are also two subcategories: Machiavelli points out that some annexed states were previously subject to another ruler, and some were formerly free. And finally, there is yet another kind of subcategory within annexed states: those which were conquered by a prince in war, and those which simply fall to him through luck or skill. Chapter II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This chapter begins with Machiavelli’s apology for not discussing republics in this book – in what seems to be an explicit reference to D... Free Essays on Discourses Free Essays on Discourses Chapter I: The Various Kinds of Government, and the Ways By Which They Are Established. Machiavelli begins The Prince with a crucial distinction of political categories. There are, he writes, only two ways in which a state can be organized: as a republic, or as a monarchy. After making this distinction, Machiavelli immediately, without a pause or comment, simply drops the discussion of the â€Å"republic.† This doesn’t mean that Machiavelli doesn’t like republics republics, after all, are the subject of his other major work of political theory, The Discourses. Rather than accuse Machiavelli of anti-democratic bias, we should note that in this particular book, which meant to describe the proper conduct of a prince, any discussion of princeless republics would be entirely irrelevant. After bracketing the idea of a republic, then, Machiavelli moves on to divide the category of â€Å"monarchy† into further sub-categories. Monarchies, he writes, can be either hereditary and governed by the same family for generations, or recently founded. Again, Machiavelli follows one division with another. Leaving aside hereditary monarchies for the moment, he distinguishes two different kinds of recently founded monarchies – those which are entirely new, and those which are new annexations of territory added onto pre-existing hereditary monarchies. As we might expect, within this latter category (the annexed state), there are also two subcategories: Machiavelli points out that some annexed states were previously subject to another ruler, and some were formerly free. And finally, there is yet another kind of subcategory within annexed states: those which were conquered by a prince in war, and those which simply fall to him through luck or skill. Chapter II: Of Hereditary Monarchies This chapter begins with Machiavelli’s apology for not discussing republics in this book – in what seems to be an explicit reference to D...

Life of Moses Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Life of Moses - Dissertation Example (Seters 34) Indeed these historians and archaeologists believe that Moses as well as the exodus story is essentially origin myths devised by later generation of the Israelites. In support of their position, they refer to the â€Å"logical inconsistencies, new archaeological evidence, historical evidence, and related origin myths in Canaanite culture† (Seters 45). Indeed Moses’ existence is greatly supported by most of the Abrahamic religions and their holy texts–the Quran, the Bible and the Torah. Though these holy texts provide some biographical details of Moses, they do not reveal much of the historical facts and figures of Moses’ age. Even these texts claim that Moses was assigned with the holy duty of setting the Israelites free from the communal slavery under an unnamed pharaoh King. By the time Moses was assigned with the duty of leading the Children of Israel out of Egypt from the slavery and bondage, modern Archaeologists believe that King Ramesses is supposed to rule Egypt during the late Moses period from 1391 to 1271 BCE. Though Rabbinical Judaism asserts Moses’ lifespan between 1391 to 1271 BCE, Christian Tradition refers Moses to an earlier date. Brief History of Moses and His Preaching Moses as a religious figure is supported only by some religious texts such as the Quran, the Bible, the Torah and few others. ... His parents, Amram and Jochebed, once immigrated to Egypt with their grandfather Kehath and other 70 Jacobean families (Genesis 46:11). Thus Moses belongs to the second generation of the Jacobean immigrants in Egypt. By the time Moses was born, the Israelites had lived about 450 years in Egypt and reached two millions in number. The particular number of the departing Israelites is often disputed. According to the BBC article, the Israelites were two millions. But Jacob Gebhart argues that the departing Israelites were about six million (6,000,000). In this regard he says, According to this passage 600,000 men descended from Yaacov left Egypt. If each man is married with the average of 5 children, this brings the entire population of Israel to 6,000,000. This is not including the mixed multitude that came out with them. (Gebhart pars.3) Being alarmed by the growth of these people, Pharaoh passed a decree that male babies of the Hebrew would be killed by drowning in the Nile. It is sai d in a BBC article â€Å"Moses†, â€Å"According to the Bible, the descendants of Jacob had lived in Egypt for more than 450 years, during which time they grew into a nation†¦The Egyptians began to see them as a threat†¦forcing them to work as slaves.† (Moses pars.3) According to the Book of Exodus, in his infancy he was fortunate enough to evade the Pharaoh-enforced infanticide. By luck, he was raised as Pharaoh’s daughter Bithiah’s son in the royal palace. The Book of Exodus (2:1) describes how Jochebed saved Moses from the anger of Pharaoh’s wrath: Now a man of the house of Levi married a Levite woman, and she became pregnant and gave birth to a son†¦.But when she could hide him no longer, she got a papyrus basket for him and coated it with tar